INSTALLATION OF ETHERNET DRIVER ON SOLARIS 10 x86 MACHINE

Do these steps

1.#prtconf -v | more

search for the string /ther

search for device-id and vendor-id numbers(make sure its under Ethernet controller)
once you have got it (say some 001094c)

2.Download the driver from this site(say ur driver is ife0)
http://homepage2.nifty.com/mrym3/taiyodo/eng/
- extract it

3.vi <path_to_extracted_folder>/addrv.sh

you will be getting pci8086 1094c

well...if you have a match your work id done or else search for another driver and do the same procedure again
- download
- match it with addrv.sh file

4.#isainfo -n   //it should be

amd64

5.#mv Makefile.amd64_gcc Makefile

6.#ln -s amd64 obj

7.#export PATH=/usr/ccs/bin/:PATH  //append make command to the path

or else you can also use

#/usr/ccs/bin/make

8.#make install //if you have set the path or else /usr/ccs/bin/make

9.#./addrv.sh

10.#modload ife

11.#ifconfig ife0 plumb

12.#ifconfig -a   //if ife0 driver is installed then in the output you will find it

13.#echo "192.168.1.1" > /etc/defaultrouter

14.#echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

15.#touch /etc/dhcp.ife0

16.#ifconfig ife0 dhcp start

or in case of static ip

#ifconfig ife0 192.168.1.7 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

17.#ifconfig -a  //check if the ip is set

18.#reboot

move /etc/fstab

if /etc/fstab is moved to some other location, even then the system boots, but we cannot use the terminal(hence no processes can be executed), the desktop and other icons can be used by the user.

mounting any file system like USB or any such device is not possible

/tmp directory myth

all files in /tmp does not get deleted on every reboot

TERMINOLOGIES

IP Masquerade 

IP masquerade is the name given to one type of network address translation that allows all of the hosts on a private network to use the Internet at the price of a single IP address.
IP Masquerading and network address translation Configuring  IP masquerade

While working on Solaris

x86 refers to larger family of 64-bit and 32-bit x86 compatible products.
x64 points out specific 64-bit information about AMD64 or EM64T systems.

Patches in Solaris
A patch is a piece of software designed to fix problems with, or update a or its supporting data.
Systems running on Solaris OS can be patched or upgraded online, with only a single reboot required to activate changes.

Flash archives 
mirrored images of a system that can be installed on another system of the same architecture. The flash archive can include third-party packages as well as optional Solaris components like Solstice DiskSuite.

GRUB Menu
GRand Unified BootLoader

on #ls -l command Different types of files observed

• d - The entry is a directory.
• D - The entry is a door.
• l - The entry is a symbolic link.
• b - The entry is a block special file.
• c - The entry is a character special file.
• p - The entry is a FIFO (or “named pipe”) special file.
• s - The entry is an AF_UNIX address family socket.
• -   - The entry is an ordinary file.

SCSI, IDE/ATA HARD DISK DRIVES

Modern hard disk drives use one of two interfaces: IDE (ATA) and its variants, or SCSI. You can tell immediately by looking at the back of the hard disk which interface is being used by the drive:

A standard hard disk IDE/ATA data interface.
If you look closely you can see markings for pins #1, #2, #39 and #40.
A 50-pin SCSI interface connector looks identical except that it
has 25 columns of pins instead of 20

• IDE/ATA: A 40-pin rectangular connector.
• SCSI: A 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin D-shaped connector (the same shape used for serial and parallel port connectors). A 50-pin connector means the device is narrow SCSI; 68 pins means wide SCSI; 80 pins means wide SCSI using.

Whether IDE/ATA or SCSI is better depends on what your needs are, and how much you are willing to spend.

Primary deciding factor in the SCSI vs. IDE/ATA question is the number of devices you plan to use (or use in the future) in your system. In many respects, IDE/ATA is superior if you are using only one, two or three devices such as hard disks or CD-ROMs. If you are using many devices, say over four, then SCSI is superior to IDE/ATA in several different respects. I should also mention that many times people make the decision about what interface to use based on what interface they began with; few are willing to buy all new devices in making an interface switch

. And of course, it's quite possible to use both interfaces in the same system.

Apache configuration in solaris 10

initially #svcs -a | grep apache2
status will be maintenance, so you will have to do this.

do this,

# svcadm disable svc:/network/http:apache2

1. cd /etc/apache2

2. cp httpd.conf-example httpd.conf

3. #svcadm enable apache2

4. #svcs -a | grep apache2

now, you will find the status online i hope.

Work out, best practices

Day 1: Morning: 40 mins cardio; 30 mins abs Evening: Chest and back 90 mins Day 2: Morning: Same as Day 1 Evening: Biceps and triceps 90 mins
Day 3: Morning: Same as Day 1 Evening: Shoulders and legs 90 mins
Day 4: Morning: Same as Day 1 Evening: Chest and back 90 mins
Day 5: Morning: Same as Day 1 Evening: Biceps and triceps 90 mins
Day 6: Morning: Same as Day 1 Evening: Shoulder and legs 90 mins
Day 7: Rest

pkgutil options on solaris 10

-bash-3.00# /opt/csw/bin/pkgutil

Pkgutil 1.8.0bw, install Solaris packages the easy way.

Usage: pkgutil [option]... [package](-[version])...

-i, --install Install package

-u, --upgrade Upgrade package

-r, --remove Remove package (experimental)

-d, --download Download only

-U, --catalog Update catalog

-a, --available Show available packages

-c, --compare Compare installed packages to current

-C Same as -c but only show different versions

-e, --email=address Send e-mail with available updates

-t, --temp=site Temporarily use this site as primary for download

-s, --stream Build a package stream

-T, --target=arch:rel Specify architecture and OS release for stream

-o, --output=file File name for package stream (used with -s)

-x, --exclude=package Package to exclude

-W, --workdir=path Path to use for downloads

--config=file Use this configuration file

-y, --yes Answer yes on all prompts

-n, --nomod No modifications are made to the system

-D, --debug Debug mode

--trace Set trace mode (-v) for pkgadd/pkgrm

-h, --help Show this help

-v, --version Show version

-V, --syscheck System check

Example: pkgutil -i CSWwget (install wget and its dependencies)

To download video's from youtube on UBUNTU 10.04

u need to be root before u download this package.


root@anil-desktop:~# sudo aptitude install youtube-dl
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree      
Reading state information... Done
Initializing package states... Done
Writing extended state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  youtube-dl
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-headers-2.6.32-21{u} linux-headers-2.6.32-21-generic{u}
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 2 to remove and 112 not upgraded.
Need to get 25.0kB of archives. After unpacking 85.1MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
Writing extended state information... Done
Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/universe youtube-dl 2010.04.04-1 [25.0kB]
Fetched 25.0kB in 1s (19.8kB/s)   
(Reading database ... 169064 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-headers-2.6.32-21-generic ...
Removing linux-headers-2.6.32-21 ...
Selecting previously deselected package youtube-dl.
(Reading database ... 150658 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking youtube-dl (from .../youtube-dl_2010.04.04-1_all.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up youtube-dl (2010.04.04-1) ...
Reading package lists... Done            
Building dependency tree      
Reading state information... Done
Reading extended state information      
Initializing package states... Done
Writing extended state information... Done

This will be the output of installation , but then this won't download any video.

root@anil-desktop:~# youtube-dl http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=something
[1] 2605
root@anil-desktop:~# [youtube] Setting language
[youtube] x6WSRZvOuZ4: Downloading video info webpage
[youtube] x6WSRZvOuZ4: Extracting video information
ERROR: format not available for video

so we need to execute this command too

root@anil-desktop:~# sudo youtube-dl --update
Updating to latest stable version...
Updated to version github
now, you can download any video from youtube.

Install Real player in Solaris 10 x86

• Download real player from http://www.real.com/realplayer/download
• Choose the OS as solaris x86
• You will get RealPlayer11Gold-x86.tar.bz2 installer
  
• Create a folder Real Player and put the bz2 in that folder
• Extract it there
• You will have a script file called realplay
• If you double click on it you will get a pop up. choose 'run' option.

this is not the right way of installation but for temporary purpose, it's cool!
and you need to have real player installed in the system

if its not installed

try this out...

#./Bin/setup - you need to be in Real Player folder

it will ask you where do you want the real player to be installed, like [/opt/real/RealPlayer]:

you have to just press enter

then you will have to press 'F' later when it asks...it got installed in my system, hopefully it will get installed in yours too.

Set the time and date in SOLARIS

First, u need to log in as root

#date mmddhhmmyy (month|day|hour|minute|year)

example
#date 1103154510

this sets the time to nov 3 , 15:45 , 2010

Mozilla-Firefox installation in linux or Solaris

Download the package from mozilla's official website, it may automatically detect your OS even otherwise you can simply specify it.

once you have downloaded the tar.gz or .pkg file
for, tar.gz
. simply extract via GUI or in the CLI, you will find a folder named mozilla, in the folder you will find a script file called firefox
. create a link to that file on to the desktop ln -s command or copy paste in GUI
. when you double-click on the icon, you will have to select "run in terminal" or simply "run" on the window popped out.
. if you want to create a launcher(i.e single click and you will have firefox running without any window popping out) you have to just drag and drop the icon(link that you have created) on the desktop to the panel at the bottom(or sometimes top) of the screen.

for .pkg(in solaris),
#pkg-get -d path_to_where_the_package_is_downloaded

UBUNTU - CHANGING BOOT ORDER

well, i guess u won't be needing this because its simply amazing working on ubuntu. its got all the features which are the basic necessity of a common user. but, in case u want to change the order by any reason

follow these steps in the terminal of ubuntu.

gedit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=0 //you need to edit this line and set it one number less than the OS u want to from from 1st
for example, centos is in 5th position while boot up then set GRUB_DEFAULT=4( the reason may be bcz the values are stored in an array and so, one less than actual place value)


after this u need to run a command

sudo update-grub // u need to know the root password before u execute this command.




cheers to the self-less work done by developers of ubuntu!

Processor embedded in an embedded system

Processor is the "heart" of the embedded system and a very important part of the embedded system.
The 2 essential parts of the processor are:
1. Control Unit(CU) : This part helps to fetch instructions from memory.

2. Execution Unit(EU) : This part will have units(ex.ALU), that will implement data transfer, data conversion operations from one part to another.

so a processor runs the fetch and execute cycles(similar to heart pump-in and pump out of blood).

There are different types of processors
1. GPP(General Purpose Processor), ex- microprocessor

2. ASIP(Application Specific Instruction-set Processor), ex - microcontroller

3. Single purpose processor , ex - pixel processor, encrypt/decryption engine

4. GPP or ASIP integrated into a VLSI circuit or FPGA core integrated with a VLSI chip.

5.ASSP (Apllication Specific System Processor)

When we build a system the following considerations about processor has to be in our mind :

- Instruction set (Arithmetic instruction format, Conditional Branch and Immediate format, Unconditional Jump format, Input and Output instruction format).

- Maximum bits in an operand ( 8-bit,16-bit etc ).

- Clock frequency(Hz).

- Ability of the processor to solve complex algorithms.

AN EXAMPLE FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM

This is an Automatic Chocolate Vending Machine (ACVM), a simple example of an Embedded system.
The hardware & software components embedded in this system can be described easily with the help of the block diagram.We can picturise the block diagram and the real world example and frame the sequence of instances in which the components work.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM - BASICS

SYSTEM - An arrangement in which units are assembled in such a way that, the units work according to a plan or program.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM - Is a system in which the units, hardware and software are embedded in the system such a way that they are dedicated for a particular application or they are a part of a large system.

An embedded system contains 3 important components
1.Hardware - Power supply, reset circuits, processor, program memory, data memory, input and output device interfacing/driver circuits, serial communication ports, timers are some of the components of hardware.

2.Software - This performs a series of tasks or processes for the application.

3.RTOS(real time OS) - This supervises the application software that performs tasks on hardware components based on priorities of tasks of the system.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM

1. Real time & multirate operations is the way system works, react to events, interrupts and schedules the system functioning.

2. Complex algorithms.

3. Complex GUI(graphical user interfaces) and other interfaces.

4. Dedicated functions.

CONSTRAINTS WHEN BUILDING AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM

1. Available system memory
2. Available processor speed.
3. Control on power dissipation.